Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction · 2026Open Access
Frontal Sinus Fractures: An Evaluation of Injury Parameters and Operative Variables on Surgical Outcomes
George Cove, Declan Hughes, Christopher Zerafa, Simon Holmes
137
Patients
8 yrs
2015–2022
13%
Major complication
7×
RTT risk per Lofgren step
p=.006
Lofgren vs RTT
Royal London Hospital Major Trauma Centre — 8-year consecutive cohort. The largest single-centre study of frontal sinus fracture outcomes from a UK Level 1 trauma centre, covering 137 patients over eight years. It provides the first quantitative risk escalation data per Lofgren category from a dedicated OMFS–Neurosurgery trauma programme, directly informing consent and surgical planning conversations for one of the highest-morbidity injury patterns in craniofacial surgery.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cmtr19010001
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